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"The term 'pure-blood' refers to a family or individual without Muggle (non-magic) blood. The concept is generally associated with Salazar Slytherin, one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, whose aversion to teaching anybody of Muggle parentage eventually led to a breach with his three fellow founders, and his resignation from the school."
— Where the term 'pure-blood' originated from[src]
DH1 The Malfoy Family

The ancient and highly prejudiced pure-blood Malfoy family

Pure-blood was the term for wizarding families who claimed to have no Muggles, Squibs, Muggle-borns, or half-bloods in their family tree; however, when traced back far enough, nearly every family tree had a few non-magical ancestors.[1][2][3] Most wizards and witches considered an individual to be a pure-blood if his or her parents and grandparents were not Muggles, Squibs, or Muggle-borns.[4]

By 1995, the number of pure-blood families were declining. Most pure-blood families were related by then in an effort, by some, to retain their status by marrying only other pure-blood families, but it had eventually led to inbreeding. While some families, such as the Malfoys, had allowed for marrying half-bloods, many others such as the Gaunts, Blacks, and Lestranges, required their family to only marry pure-blood individuals, or those with no Muggle, Muggle-born, or Squib ancestors, in order to maintain their “pure” bloodline.[2][1] This refusal of marrying Muggles or Muggle-borns had led to difficulty in propagating their families.[1]

Overview[]

"The pure-blood families are all interrelated. If you’re only going to let your sons and daughters marry pure-bloods, your choice is very limited; there are hardly any of us left."
Sirius Black's overview of blood purity[src]

Pure-blood individuals were people who had no Muggles, Muggle-borns, or Squibs as parents or grandparents.[4] Traditionalist pure-bloods loved and strove to keep all the future generations "pure" by breeding with other pure-bloods, and were generally the ones who used the term "Mudblood" against Muggles, Muggle-borns, Squibs, and even half-bloods, a term considered highly derogatory by the Wizarding world. Families of pure-blood status often avoided marrying their heirs off to Muggles, Squibs, Muggle-borns, and half-bloods, believing that the next generation could lose their capability to perform magic.

In the 1930s, a wizard, commonly believed to be Cantankerus Nott, wrote the Pure-Blood Directory featuring twenty-eight families he believed to be truly pure-blooded, though many objected to this designation.[5]

Maintaining "purity"[]

"So-called pure-blood families maintain their alleged purity by disowning, banishing, or lying about Muggles or Muggle-borns on their family trees. Then they attempt to foist their hypocrisy upon the rest of us by asking us to ban works dealing with the truths they deny. There is not a witch or wizard in existence whose blood has not mingled with that of Muggles..."
— Pure-blood wizards are not so pure[src]
Blackfamilytreeootp5

Black Family Tapestry

Some pure-blood families could trace their pure-blood status through many generations of magical ancestors and deny ever having any nonmagical ancestors within the family, such as the House of Black, the motto of which is "Toujours pur", meaning "Always (or Still) Pure".[6][7] However, the truth is that even if they did exist in the past, true pure-blood wizards and witches did not exist in the present day, as Squibs, Muggle-borns, and, especially, half-bloods were too common. These pure-blood families simply erased all Muggles, Squibs, and Muggle-borns from their family trees.[1]

Bigoted and prejudiced half-bloods who considered blood purity very important also hid their Muggle ancestry, clinging only to the magical heritage they did have.[8] Many Death Eaters and Snatchers were believed to have done this, and their leader himself took on the name Lord Voldemort out of a desire to not keep the name of his "filthy Muggle father."[9] It is likely that Voldemort told his followers he was a pure-blood, or that most of the Death Eaters and Snatchers knew better than to dare question his blood status, given the reaction of Bellatrix Lestrange to Harry's "accusation" that he was in fact a half-blood.

Many pure-blood families, such as the Blacks and Gaunts, practised marrying their own cousins in order to maintain their pure-blood status, and disowned any members who married someone who was not a pure-blood or those who sympathised with Muggles or Muggle-borns.[10] This practice had been known to cause problems as families often became inbred because of this; for example, the Gaunts showed signs of violent tendencies, mental instability, and being enfeebled.[11][2] The number of pure-bloods had diminished over time because of said inbreeding.[1]

Attitude[]

"I really don't think they should let the other sort in, do you? They’re just not the same, they've never been brought up to know our ways. Some of them have never even heard of Hogwarts until they get the letter, imagine. I think they should keep it in the old wizarding families."
Draco Malfoy's prejudice concerning Muggle-borns[src]
Salazar Slytherin WWHP

Salazar Slytherin, an infamous pure-blood supremacist

Some pure-bloods regarded themselves as superior to those witches and wizards who were born to Muggles and half-bloods. They believed that Muggles were just little more than animals and that Muggle-borns, whom they derisively called "Mudbloods". Mudblood itself was a highly pejorative term suggesting that Muggle-borns were inferior to pure-bloods and that they were supposed to be "third-class citizens", had “dirty” blood and were a big disgrace to the wizarding world, and thus had no right to be a witch/wizard and unworthy of being allowed to practise magic. Many also discriminated against half-breeds, giants, werewolves and other magical creatures. Pure-bloods who did not share these prejudices were considered "blood traitors" by the discriminatory ones that do.

Salazar Slytherin believed that only pure-bloods should be allowed to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and be educated in magic; this was the cause of his conflict with the three other Hogwarts founders and his permanent departure from the school. However, he left behind the Chamber of Secrets in a great hope that one day his heir would open the Chamber and release the basilisk within to target all the Muggle-born students. Tom Riddle was this heir, and the basilisk petrified several Muggle-born students in 1943 and the 1992–1993 school year and managed to kill one student, Myrtle Warren, in 1943.[9]

Half-bloods who also considered blood purity very important also denied their Muggle ancestry, clinging only to the magical heritage they did have.[8] Tom Marvolo Riddle, for example, took on the name Lord Voldemort out of a desire to not keep the name of his "filthy Muggle father" and also called Harry Potter's mother "filthy Muggle mother." It is believed that Voldemort most likely told his followers that he was a pure-blood, or that most (if not all) of the Death Eaters and Snatchers knew better than to dare question his blood status.

Weasley family

Members of the pure-blood Weasley family: for sympathising with Muggles and being friendly with Muggle-borns, this pure-blood family is labelled as 'blood traitors'

Riddle, later known as Lord Voldemort, continued his persecution of those who were not pure-bloods (ironically being a half-blood himself) with his followers, the Death Eaters. They strove to place pure-bloods in control of the wizarding world and to eventually rid it of Muggle-borns entirely. When Voldemort temporarily succeeded in taking over the Ministry of Magic during the height of the Second Wizarding War, his followers created the Muggle-Born Registration Commission in order to weed Muggle-borns out of the population and send them straight to Azkaban for allegedly stealing magic simply by not being pure-blood. Pure-bloods were also blatantly favoured within the Ministry and, to a lesser extent, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, although half-bloods were sufficient to avoid prosecution.[12] This oppression was eventually ceased after Voldemort's final death when Kingsley Shacklebolt became the new Minister for Magic.

However, there were pure-bloods who did not have these beliefs, and instead treated all magical people and Muggles as equals (for instance the Weasleys). These pure-blood folk were often labelled as "blood traitors" by the more bigoted pure-bloods.[9] There were also a few pure-bloods who were still fanatical, but also more lax about marriages and allowed their family members to marry Half-bloods, for example the Malfoys.

Known pure-blood families[]

Pure-blood family Current status Known pure-blood members
Abbott[5] Pure-blood in the 1930s[5]
Extant at least in female line
Abbott, Gifford Abbott
Avery[5] Unknown, possibly extinct Avery Snr, Avery Jnr
Black[5]
Toujours Pur
Extant only in female line Alexia Walkin Black,[7] Alphard Black,[13] Andromeda Tonks née Black,[14] Arcturus Black I[7] Arcturus Black II,[7], Arcturus Black III,[7] Bellatrix Lestrange née Black,[7] Belvina Burke née Black,[7] Callidora Longbottom née Black,[7] Cassiopeia Black,[7] Cedrella Weasley née Black[15] Charis Crouch née Black,[7] Cygnus Black I[7], Cygnus Black II,[7] Cygnus Black III,[7] Dorea Potter née Black,[7] Druella Black née Rosier,[7] Eduardus Limette Black,[16] Ella Black née Max,[7] Elladora Black,[7] Hesper Black née Gamp,[7] Hesper Black,[7] Iola Hitchens née Black,[17] Irma Black née Crabbe[7] Lucretia Prewett née Black,[7] Lycoris Black,[7] Lysandra Black née Yaxley,[7] Misapinoa Blishwick née Black,[7] Narcissa Malfoy née Black,[7], Orion Black[6], Phineas Nigellus Black,[7] Phineas Black,[18] Pollux Black,[7] Phoebe Black,[7] Regulus Black I,[7] Regulus Black II,[7] Sirius Black I,[7] Sirius Black II,[7] Sirius Black III,[19] Ursula Black née Flint,[7] Violetta Black née Bulstrode,[7] Walburga Black[7]
Blishwick (likely)[20] Unknown, possibly extinct Jimbo Blishwick,[7] Misapinoa Blishswick née Black[7]
Brown[21] Lavender Brown[22]
Bulstrode[5] Extant, but likely no longer pure-blood[23] Violetta Black née Bulstrode[7]
Burke[5] Unknown, possibly extant in female line Belvina Burke née Black,[7] Caractacus Burke, Elizabeth Burke, Herbert Burke[7]
Carrow[5] Alecto Carrow, Amycus Carrow, Carrow
Crabbe[7] Possibly extinct in male line,[24] Extant in female line[25] Irma Black née Crabbe,[7] Vincent Crabbe[26]
Crouch[5] Extinct[27] Bartemius Crouch Snr, Bartemius Crouch Jnr, Caspar Crouch,[7] Caspar Crouch's son,[6] Caspar Crouch's daughters,[6] Charis Crouch née Black[7]
Fawley[5] Unknown, possibly extant Hector Fawley
Flint[5] Extant Marcus Flint, Ursula Black née Flint[7]
Gamp[7] Unknown Hesper Black née Gamp[7], Ulick Gamp
Gaunt[5] Extant only in female line but no longer pure-blood[28] Corvinus Gaunt,[29] Gormlaith Gaunt,[30] Marvolo Gaunt,[29] Merope Riddle née Gaunt,[29] Morfin Gaunt,[29] Rionach Sayre née Gaunt[30]
Goyle Unknown, possibly extinct Gregory Goyle, Mr Goyle
Greengrass Astoria Malfoy née Greengrass, Daphne Greengrass
Kama Laurena Kama, Mustafa Kama, Yusuf Kama
Lestrange
LestrangeCoatOfArms
Bellatrix Lestrange née Black, Corvus Lestrange I, Cyrille Lestrange I, Corvus Lestrange II, Corvus Lestrange III, Eglantine Lestrange, Corvus Lestrange IV, F. Lestrange, Lestrange, Leta Lestrange, Rabastan Lestrange, Radolphus Lestrange, R. Lestrange, Rodolphus Lestrange
Longbottom Extant, but no longer all pure-blood Algie Longbottom, Alice Longbottom, Augusta Longbottom, Callidora Longbottom née Black, Enid Longbottom, Frank Longbottom, Harfang Longbottom, Harfang Longbottom's son, Harfang Longbottom's daughter, Neville Longbottom, Neville Longbottom's grandfather[31]
MacDougal Extant Isobel MacDougal, Morag MacDougal
Macmillan

Ernie Macmillan, Melania Black née Macmillan

Malfoy
Malfoy family crest2
Abraxas Malfoy, Armand Malfoy, Astoria Malfoy née Greengrass, Brutus Malfoy, Draco Malfoy, Lucius Malfoy I, Lucius Malfoy II, Narcissa Malfoy née Black, Nicholas Malfoy, Septimus Malfoy, Scorpius Malfoy
Max Unknown Ella Black née Max
Moody Most likely extinct Alastor Moody
Nott Extant Cantankerus Nott, Theodore Nott[32][33]
Ollivander Extant, but no longer pure-blood Geraint Ollivander, Gerbold Ollivander, Gervaise Ollivander, Garrick Ollivander
Parkinson Most likely extant Perseus Parkinson, Pansy Parkinson
Peverell[34] Extant only in female line Antioch Peverell, Cadmus Peverell, Ignotus Peverell, Ignotus Peverell's son, Iolanthe Potter née Peverell
Potter Extant, but no longer pure-blood[4][35] Abraham Potter, Charlus Potter, Dorea Potter née Black, Euphemia Potter, Fleamont Potter, Ginevra Potter née Weasley, Hardwin Potter, Henry Potter, Iolanthe Potter née Peverell, James Potter I, Mr Potter, Mrs Potter née Fleamont, Ralston Potter
Prewett Extant only in female line Leander Prewett's mother, Leander Prewett, ignatius Prewett, Lucretia Prewett née Black, Mr Prewett, Molly Weasley née Prewett, Fabian Prewett, Gideon Prewett
Prince Most likely extinct[36] Eileen Snape née Prince
Rosier Extant (at least in female line) Minette Lestrange née Rosier, Vinda Rosier, Mr Rosier, Druella Black née Rosier, Evan Rosier, Felix Rosier
Rowle Unknown, possibly extinct Damocles Rowle, Euphemia Rowle, Thorfinn Rowle
Sayre Possibly extant but no longer pure-blood Rionach Sayre née Gaunt, William Sayre, Isolt Sayre
Selwyn Unknown Silvanus Selwyn, Selwyn, Dolores Umbridge (claimed[37])
Shacklebolt Extant Kingsley Shacklebolt
Shafiq Extant in the early 1930s Shafiq
Slughorn Extant Horace Slughorn
Slytherin Extant only in female line[38] Salazar Slytherin
Travers Unknown Thaddeus Travers, Torquil Travers, Travers
Tremblay Bernard Tremblay, Clarisse Tremblay, Falco Tremblay
Tripe Magenta Black née Tripe
Urquart Elphinstone Urquart
Weasley Extant, but no longer all pure-blood Arthur Weasley, Arthur Weasley's brothers, Bilius,[39] Cedrella Weasley née Black, Charles Weasley, Fred Weasley I, George Weasley, Ginevra Potter née Weasley, Molly Weasley née Prewett, Percy Weasley, Ronald Weasley, Septimus Weasley, William Weasley
Yaxley Extant (at least in female line)[40] Lysandra Black née Yaxley, Corban Yaxley

Possible pure-bloods[]

Due to their affiliation to Slytherin and Lord Voldemort, many wizards and witches might be considered pure-bloods. Others had openly expressed their prejudice toward half-bloods and Muggle-borns, which is another reason to believe they were pure-blood supremacists. Some even became Death Eaters.

Possible pure-blood family Current status Known pure-blood members
Bletchley Unknown, most likely extant Bletchley, Kevin Bletchley, Miles Bletchley[41]
Dumbledore Possibly extant but no longer pure-blood Percival Dumbledore
Fudge Extant Cornelius Fudge, Rufus Fudge
Gibbon Unknown, most likely extinct Gibbon
Gryffindor Unknown; May be under different surname Godric Gryffindor
Higgs Most likely extant Bertie Higgs, Terence Higgs
Lowe Unknown, possibly extinct Sinistra Lowe
Macnair Unknown Walden Macnair
Montague Most likely extant Graham Montague, Mr and Mrs Montague
Mulciber Unknown Mulciber Snr, Mulciber Jnr[42]
Orpington Most likely extant Evangeline Orpington, Nerys Orpington
Pyrites Unknown Pyrites,[43] Argo Pyrites
Perks Unknown, most likely extant Sally-Anne Perks
Runcorn Probably extant Albert Runcorn,[44] Runcorn
Wilkes Possibly extinct Wilkes
Zabini Extant Blaise Zabini[45]

See also[]

Behind the scenes[]

  • On J. K. Rowling's draft list of students in Harry Potter's class, the following students were mentioned as pure-bloods:[21]
  • Coincidentally, Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, and Ron Weasley are each of the three distinct types of wizards; Harry being a half-blood, Hermione being Muggle-born, and Ron being a pure-blood.
  • Many characters mention throughout the series that blood purity doesn't matter, often using Hermione Granger in comparison to Ron Weasley and Neville Longbottom as an example. Ron had long struggled with living in the shadows of how much better students his older brothers were, and often would not try if he felt the situation was out of his control or too difficult, preferring to goof off or play with Chocolate Frog cards (though he did ultimately emerge as a capable student and wizard in his own right). Similarly, despite Neville's pure-blood heritage, he was not initially an extremely talented wizard and also suffered from a lack of confidence, two things which made him a target for ridicule and difficulty, particularly from Professor Snape (but like Ron in his later life he better grasped his full potential). However, Hermione, by contrast, is a supremely gifted witch despite her Muggle-born status and, unlike Ron and Neville, performed very well right from the beginning.
    • Likewise, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle were both often thuggishly stupid and gave poor academic performances in spite of their Pure-Blood status, and Harry's mother Lily was one of her teachers', Horace Slughorn's, all-time favourite students, performing exceptionally well in his and other classes.
  • The Harry Potter Glossary at Scholastic's official website lists the term "Trueblood" as "Someone born to pure magical parents." This term, however, is not known to have appeared in any official Harry Potter media. The nuance with "pureblood" may be that while the child of a half-blood and a pureblood counts as a pureblood, a Trueblood can only be the child of two purebloods. That is however unconfirmed.
  • The concept of pure-blood is also similar to the real-life situation of nearly all European royal families being related, especially the British and (now extinct) German monarchies. Royals were only allowed to marry another member of the aristocracy, so most of the families were interrelated through marriage. Similarly, the issue of in-breeding is something that ravaged many real life European royal lines.
    • Likewise, the concept of blood purity, and how if one goes back far enough it is clear there is no such thing, is strongly analogous to real life racial purity attitudes such as those held by White Supremacists and the Nazis (the latter of whom J.K. Rowling explicitly compared to the Death Eaters, as seen below), but also how it is theorised all human being's ancestry can be traced back to Africa (and specifically Ethiopia), thus precluding the idea that "wholly white" lineages could have ever existed.

Author's comments[]

On the subject of blood purity, J. K. Rowling has said the following:

The expressions 'pure-blood', 'half-blood', and 'Muggle-born' have been coined by people to whom these distinctions matter, and express their originators' prejudice. As far as somebody like Lucius Malfoy is concerned, for instance, a Muggle-born is as 'bad' as a Muggle. Therefore Harry would be considered only 'half' wizard, because of his maternal grandparents. If you think this is far-fetched, look at some of the real charts the Nazis used to show what constituted 'Aryan' or 'Jewish' blood...the Nazis used precisely the same warped logic as the Death Eaters. A single Jewish grandparent 'polluted' the blood, according to their propaganda.[4]

This statement indicates that all of a wizard or witch's grandparents must have magical heritage — i.e. that he or she cannot have a single Muggle grandparent — in order for him or her to be considered pure-blood. The detailed and lengthy family trees maintained by pure-blood families such as the House of Black maintained a record of all the pure-bloods born and married into the family (as well documenting those who were blasted off to maintain the family's sense of purity).[46]

Appearances[]

Notes and references[]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 F.A.Q. Section: "Are all the pure-blood families going to die out?" at J. K. Rowling's official site - "Don't forget that, as Sirius revealed in 'Order of the Phoenix', none of these families is really 'pure' – in other words, they merely cross Muggles and Squibs off the family tree and pretend that they didn't exist. But yes, the number of families claiming to be pure is diminishing. By refusing to marry Muggles or Muggle-borns, they are finding it increasingly difficult to perpetuate themselves."
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Writing by J. K. Rowling: "The Malfoy Family" at Wizarding World - "From the imposition of the Statute of Secrecy onwards, no Malfoy has married a Muggle or Muggle-born. The family has, however, eschewed the somewhat dangerous practice of inter-marrying within such a small pool of pure-bloods that they become enfeebled or unstable, unlike a small minority of fanatic families such as the Gaunts and Lestranges, and many a half-blood appears on the Malfoy family tree."
  3. The Tales of Beedle the Bard - "Albus Dumbledore on “The Fountain of Fair Fortune”" - "So-called pure-blood families maintain their alleged purity by disowning, banishing or lying about Muggles or Muggle-borns on their family trees. They then attempt to foist their hypocrisy upon the rest of us by asking us to ban works dealing with the truths they deny. There is not a witch or wizard in existence whose blood has not mingled with that of Muggles, and I should there-fore consider it both illogical and immoral to remove works dealing with the subject from our students’ store of knowledge."
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 FAQ at J. K. Rowling's official site - "The expressions 'pure-blood', 'half-blood' and 'Muggle-born' have been coined by people to whom these distinctions matter, and express their originators' prejudices. As far as somebody like Lucius Malfoy is concerned, for instance, a Muggle-born is as 'bad' as a Muggle. Therefore Harry would be considered only 'half' wizard, because of his mother's grandparents. If you think this is far-fetched, look at some of the real charts the Nazis used to show what constituted 'Aryan' or 'Jewish' blood. I saw one in the Holocaust Museum in Washington when I had already devised the 'pure-blood', 'half-blood' and 'Muggle-born' definitions, and was chilled to see that the Nazis used precisely the same warped logic as the Death Eaters. A single Jewish grandparent 'polluted' the blood, according to their propaganda."
  5. 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Pure-Blood" at Wizarding World
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling
  7. 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 House of Black (see this image)
  8. 8.0 8.1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 12 (Silver and Opals) - "“The Death Eaters can’t all be pure-blood, there aren’t enough pure-blood wizards left,” said Hermione stubbornly. “I expect most of them are half-bloods pretending to be pure. It’s only Muggle-borns they hate, they’d be quite happy to let you and Ron join up.”"
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
  10. Black Family Tree Tapestry - Anyone on the tree by birth or marriage, and not disowned, is a pure-blood.
  11. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 10 (Luna Lovegood)
  12. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
  13. Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling - Alphard was disowned for giving gold to runaway nephew Sirius
  14. Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling - Andromeda Black was disowned for marrying Muggle-born Ted Tonks
  15. Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling - Cedrella Black was disowned for marrying blood traitor Septimus Weasley
  16. File:Black family tapestry complete.jpg - Disowned for an unknown reason
  17. Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling - Iola Black was disowned for marrying Muggle Bob Hitchens
  18. Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling - Phineas was disowned for supporting Muggle Rights
  19. Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling - Sirius Black was disowned for running away from home
  20. Allowed to marry into the fanatical pure-blood Black family, without their spouse being disowned, so the family is likely pure-blood.
  21. 21.0 21.1 Harry Potter and Me
  22. Harry Potter and Me (see this image)
  23. Millicent Bulstrode is a half-blood witch, indicating that the Bulstrodes married Muggles and/or Muggle-borns.
  24. Vincent Crabbe died in 1998; it is unknown if he had any siblings or if they had issue.
  25. Through Irma's descendants.
  26. Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Draco Malfoy" at Wizarding World - "In childhood, Draco associated mainly with the pure-blood children of his father’s ex-Death Eater cronies, and therefore arrived at Hogwarts with a small gang of friends already made, including Theodore Nott and Vincent Crabbe."
  27. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Chapter 36 (The Parting of the Ways)
  28. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (play)
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 10 (The House of Gaunt) - "Generations of purebloods, wizards all — more than you can say, I don’t doubt!”"
  30. 30.0 30.1 Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry" at Wizarding World
  31. It is unknown if the "Grandad" Neville once mentioned was his paternal or maternal grandfather.
  32. "Malfoy & Nott" at Extra Stuff at J. K. Rowling's official site
  33. Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Draco Malfoy" at Wizarding World - "In childhood, Draco associated mainly with the pure-blood children of his father’s ex-Death Eater cronies, and therefore arrived at Hogwarts with a small gang of friends already made, including Theodore Nott and Vincent Crabbe."
  34. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Chapter 22 (The Deathly Hallows) - "The only place I’ve managed to find the name ‘Peverell’ is Nature’s Nobility: A Wizarding Genealogy. I borrowed it from Kreacher,” she explained as Ron raised his eyebrows. “It lists the pure-blood families that are now extinct in the male line. Apparently the Peverells were one of the earliest families to vanish.”"
  35. Harry Potter's children are half-bloods as their grandmother Lily was Muggle-born
  36. The only known member of the Prince family was Eileen Prince, who had only one child, Severus Snape. Snape died in 1998 without having any children.
  37. Ch. 13 of Deathly Hallows confirms that the Selwyns are a pure-blood family, though it is unclear if Umbridge was being truthful about her own relation to them or her own blood status, as she was trying to "bolster her own pure-blood credentials". See Talk:Selwyn family for more information.
  38. Slytherin’s only known descendants died with the Gaunts and Tom Riddle.
  39. Bilius is a relative of the Weasleys, though it is unknown if he is arelation of Arthur of Molly.
  40. Through Lysandra's descendants.
  41. Slytherin affiliation
  42. Loyal to Voldemort and Slytherin
  43. Loyal to Voldemort
  44. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Chapter 13 (The Muggle-Born Registration Commission)
  45. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 7 (The Slug Club)
  46. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 35 (Beyond the Veil) - "“Shut your mouth!” Bellatrix shrieked. “You dare speak his name with your unworthy lips, you dare besmirch it with your half-blood’s tongue, you dare —” “Did you know he’s a half-blood too?” said Harry recklessly."
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