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{{Spoiler|HM|PAS|MA|HL}}
{{Pottermoreold}}
 
[[File:Emma-watson-as-hermione-granger-in-harry-potter.jpg|thumb|Hermione Granger, Muggle-Born Witch]]
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[[File:Granger family DH.jpg|250px|thumb|Muggle-born [[Hermione Granger]] was the daughter of two Muggle dentists]]
{{Dialogue a-b|Lily Evans|Does it make a difference, being Muggle-born?|Severus Snape|No. It doesn’t make any difference.|[[Lily Evans]] asking [[Severus Snape]] about the [[wizarding world]] as a child|Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows}}
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{{Dialogue a-b|Lily Evans|Does it make a difference, being Muggle-born?|Severus Snape|No. It doesn’t make any difference.|The true importance of blood status|Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows}}
 
A '''Muggle-born''' ('''No-Maj-born''' in the [[United States of America|United States]]),<ref>"{{PM}} - [https://www.pottermore.com/collection-episodic/history-of-magic-in-north-america-en History of Magic in North America: Seventeenth Century and Beyond]"</ref> once known as a '''Magbob''' and also known by the pejorative '''[[Mudblood]]''',<ref name="PM-pureblood">{{WW|pure-blood}}</ref> was a [[Wizardkind|witch or wizard]] who was born to two [[Non-magic people|non-magical parents]]. Their [[magic]]al abilities did not seem to be at all affected by their Muggle parentage. On the contrary, many Muggle-borns were among the most talented witches and wizards of their age, such as [[Lily J. Potter|Lily Evans]] and [[Hermione Granger]].
   
 
The proportion of the wizarding population that was Muggle-born was on the rise throughout the ''Harry Potter'' series, and as a result of their growing population [[pure-blood]] families shrank in size and number.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060316221629/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=100 F.A.Q.] from {{JKRS}} via Internet Archive</ref>
'''Muggle-born''' is the term given to a [[Wizardkind|witch or wizard]] who is born to two [[Muggle|non-magical parents]]. Their [[magic]]al abilities do not seem to be at all affected by their Muggle parentage in fact, many Muggle-borns have been among the most powerful witches and wizards of their time, such as [[Lily Evans]] and [[Hermione Granger]].
 
   
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==Magical origins==
The proportion of the wizarding population that is Muggle-born is on the rise as the [[pure-blood]] families shrink in size and number<ref>[http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=100 F.A.Q.: Pure-bloods] at [[J.K.Rowling Official Site|J.K. Rowling's Official Site]]</ref>.
 
 
Muggle-borns inherited [[magic]] from a distant ancestor; they were descended from [[Squib]]s who had married [[Non-magic people|Muggles]] and whose families had lost the knowledge of their wizarding legacy. The magic resurfaced unexpectedly many generations later.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080828113728/http://www.bloomsbury.com/harrypotter/default.aspx?sec=3 30 July 2007 Bloomsbury Webchat with J.K. Rowling]</ref>
   
 
Because of the heritable traits of magic, Muggle-born siblings were possible, as in the case of [[Colin Creevey|Colin]] and [[Dennis Creevey]]. However, this was not always the case, as Lily Evans' sister [[Petunia Dursley|Petunia]] was a Muggle.
==Origin of magical abilities==
 
Muggle-borns inherit [[magic]] from a distant ancestor; they are descended from [[Squib]]s who have married [[Muggle]]s and whose families had lost the knowledge of their wizarding legacy. The magic resurfaces unexpectedly many generations later.<ref>[http://www.bloomsbury.com/harrypotter/default.aspx?sec=3 30 July 2007 Bloomsbury Webchat with J.K. Rowling]</ref>
 
   
 
When Muggle-born witches and wizards reached the age of eleven in the British wizarding community, their [[Hogwarts acceptance letter]]s were delivered in person by [[special messenger|a member of the staff]], instead of by [[Owl Postal Service|owl post]] (the usual postal system for wizards and witches). The purpose was to reassure the parents or guardians about the sudden news, and explain to them about the concealed magical society. They would also assist the family with the preparation for going to their desired wizarding school and for the buying of school supplies.<ref name="DH">{{DH}}</ref>
Because of the heritability of magic, a Muggle-born's siblings can sometimes be [[Wizards|wizards or witches]] as well, as in the case of [[Colin and Dennis Creevey]]. However, this is not always the case, as Lily Evans' sister [[Petunia Dursley|Petunia]] was a [[Muggle]].
 
   
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==Treatment==
When Muggle-born witches and wizards reach the age of eleven in the British wizarding community, their [[Hogwarts acceptance letter]]s are delivered in person by a member of the staff, instead of by [[owl post]] (the usual postal system for wizards and witches). The purpose is to reassure the parents or guardians about the sudden news, and explain to them about the concealed magical society. They would also assist the family with the preparation for going to their desired wizarding school and for the buying of school supplies.<ref name="DH">{{DH}}</ref>
 
 
{{Quote|No one asked your opinion, you filthy little Mudblood.|An example of wizarding prejudice|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets}}
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[[File:Mudblood sliced into Hermione's arm by Bellatrix Lestrange..jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Bellatrix Lestrange]] carves the derogatory term "''Mudblood''" into Hermione Granger's arm]]
 
Muggle-born witches and wizards were often subjects of deeply prejudicial and discriminatory beliefs akin to racism. They were often derided by [[pure-blood]]s and called disparaging names such as "[[Mudblood]]", a term implying that they were somehow dirty and impure, or at the very least, common. These prejudiced pure-bloods believed that Muggle-borns were unworthy of magic and should not be allowed into the wizarding world. During the period of time where Muggle-borns were being persecuted, a news article from the ''[[Daily Prophet]]'' stated that Muggle-borns could have only obtained magic by force or theft.
   
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The pure-bloods who did not share these beliefs, such as the [[Weasley family]], were often labelled as "[[blood traitor]]s".<ref name="CS">{{COS}}</ref> [[Harry Potter]], who was half-blood, was marked as "Undesirable No.1" during the height of the [[Second Wizarding War]] for his pro-Muggle views and his stance against Lord Voldemort and his new regime.
==Attitude towards Muggle-borns==
 
{{Quote|No one asked your opinion, you filthy little Mudblood.|[[Draco Malfoy]] to Muggle-born [[Hermione Granger]]|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets}}
 
[[File:Mudblood_sliced_into_Hermione's_arm_by_Bellatrix_Lestrange..jpg|thumb|250px|"Mudblood" carved into [[Hermione Granger]]'s arm by [[Bellatrix Lestrange]].]]
 
   
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[[Ronald Weasley|Ron Weasley]] described the entire prejudice as being ridiculous: not only were most modern wizards half-blood, if Muggle-borns had not been accepted into the wizard community, wizardkind would have inevitably died out altogether.<ref name="CS"/>
Muggle-born witches and wizards are often derided by [[pure-blood]]s and called disparaging names such as "[[Mudblood]]", a term implying that they are somehow dirty and impure. Many pure-bloods believe that Muggle-borns are unworthy of magic and should not be allowed into the wizarding world. During the period of time where Muggle-Borns were being rounded up, a news article from the Daily Prophet stated that Muggle-Borns could have only obtained magic by force or theft. Those who do not perceive these beliefs, such as the [[Weasley family]], are often labelled as "[[blood traitor]]s".<ref name="CS">{{COS}}</ref>
 
   
===History of persecution===
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===Subtler prejudice===
 
{{Dialogue|Horace Slughorn|Your mother was Muggle-born of course. Couldn't believe it when I found out. Thought she must have been pure-blood, she was so good... Funny how that sometimes happens, isn't it?|Harry Potter|Not really.|Slughorn's subtle form of prejudice|Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince}}
[[File:Basilisk.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Salazar Slytherin's Basilisk]].]]
 
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[[File:Slug Club 6.jpg|240px|thumb|The [[Slug Club]], Slughorn's hand-picked students, some of which are Muggle-born]]
{{Dialogue a-b-a|Remus Lupin|Muggle-borns are being rounded up as we speak.|Ron Weasley|But how are they supposed to have 'stolen' magic? It's mental, if you could steal magic there wouldn't be any [[Squib]]s, would there?|I know. Nevertheless, unless you can prove that you have at least one close wizarding relative, you are now deemed to have obtained your magical power illegally and must suffer the punishment.|[[Remus Lupin]] explaining the Ministry of Magic's attitude while under [[Death Eaters|Death Eater]] control|Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows}}
 
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There are also indications that a subtler, less virulent form of prejudice against Muggle-borns was relatively common in the wizarding world. For example, [[Horace Slughorn]] discriminated more on the grounds of talent or fame, rather than [[blood status]]. Thus he included talented Muggle-borns such as [[Hermione Granger]], Lily Evans, and [[Dirk Cresswell]] among his favourite students.
   
 
However, Slughorn generally expected his more talented students to be [[pure-blood]]s, and was surprised when Muggle-borns performed very well. When he remarked upon this to [[Harry Potter]] in 1996 and Harry responded coldly, Slughorn was genuinely surprised, and insisted that he was not prejudiced.<ref name="HBP">{{HBP}}</ref> This may indicate that even among those who did not believe Muggle-borns were inherently inferior or "''dirty''", there tended to be a false belief that most Muggle-borns were less [[magic]]ally talented than those with a full or much recent wizarding heritage. However, Slughorn could have also meant that since Muggle-borns were not raised around magic it was all the more astonishing when they did very well in school.
[[Salazar Slytherin]], one of the founders of [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry|Hogwarts]], argued that the school should only admit pure-bloods as students, as [[Durmstrang Institute]] does. As a result of the disagreement, he left. Before leaving, Slytherin created the [[Chamber of Secrets]], hoping that his true [[Tom Riddle|heir]] would arrive and set the monster on those who he deemed unworthy of magic. [[Tom Riddle|Tom Marvolo Riddle]], having discovered his ancestry, went on and set the basilisk on his fellow Hogwarts students in [[1940s|1943]], finally killing [[Myrtle|one student]].
 
   
 
The [[British Ministry of Magic]] also seemed to have mildly favoured pure-bloods for many years before it was reformed after the [[Second Wizarding War]], as there were still "''pro-pure-blood laws''" in existence, which Hermione later eliminated. [[Albus Dumbledore]] also once accused [[Minister for Magic]] [[Cornelius Fudge]] himself of placing too much importance on blood purity, as Fudge was sided more with old, wealthy and influential pure-blood families such as the [[Malfoy family|Malfoys]], and looked down upon those who had less wealth and more affiliation with [[Non-magic people|Muggles]], like the [[Weasley family|Weasleys]].<ref name="GOF">{{GOF}}</ref>
Fifty years later in [[1992]], by means of his [[Tom Riddle's Diary|diary Horcrux]], he possessed [[Ginevra Weasley|Ginny Weasley]] and reopened the Chamber of Secrets. The monster [[Petrification|petrified]] several people, including [[Colin Creevey]], [[Penelope Clearwater]], [[Hermione Granger]], [[Justin Finch-Fletchley]], and even the [[Gryffindor]] [[ghost]], [[Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington]], as well as [[Filch]]'s cat, [[Mrs. Norris]].
 
   
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It was a widely held belief in the wizarding world that Muggle-borns were more likely to produce Squib children and slower to show signs of magic in childhood than pure or half-blood wizards. These stereotypes were disproven by the [[Institute of Muggle Studies]], though they also disproved the positive beliefs that Muggle-borns have greater immunity to wizarding illnesses and a natural sense of rhythm.<ref>''[[Wizards' Ordinary Magic and Basic Aptitude Test]] - Grade 1, Question 16''</ref>
Tom Riddle, later known as [[Tom Riddle|Lord Voldemort]], took this prejudice to an even greater extreme with his followers, the [[Death Eaters]], despite the fact that he himself was a [[half-blood]].
 
   
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==History of persecution==
[[File:Deatheaters1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Death Eaters]] rioting at the 1994 [[Quidditch World Cup]].]]
 
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===10th century===
When Voldemort seized control of the [[British Ministry of Magic|Ministry of Magic]] in [[1997]], Muggle-borns were required to register with the [[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]]. Political propaganda claimed that Muggle-borns were really Muggles who had stolen magic from "real" witches and wizards, supported by research supposedly carried out by the [[Department of Mysteries]]. The Ministry continued to promote the belief with the distribution of agitprop such as the pamphlet ''[[Mudbloods and the Dangers They Pose to a Peaceful Pure-Blood Society]]''. The Commission punished anyone who could not prove to have wizarding heritage for this alleged action, sentencing them to [[Azkaban]]. Anyone who resisted was threatened with, and perhaps given, the [[Dementor's Kiss]]. They also issued two [[Ministerial Decree]]s stating that it was any wizards' duty to report suspected "Mudbloods" to them and that failure to do so would result in imprisonment.
 
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{{Quote|We'll teach just those whose ancestry's purest.|Slytherin's opinion regarding the running of [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry|Hogwarts]]|Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix}}
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[[File:Writing on the wall COS.jpg|left|thumb|251x251px|Slytherin descendants were notorious for their persecution of Muggle-borns "''The chamber of secrets has been opened, enemies of the heir... beware''"]]
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[[Salazar Slytherin]], one of the founders of [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry|Hogwarts]], argued that the school should only admit pure-bloods and half-bloods as students, exactly as the [[Durmstrang Institute]] did. Slytherin's views were considered unusual at the time. Most wizards of his era not only accepted Muggle-borns but actually considered them especially gifted, and referred to them by the affectionate term "[[Magbob]]s".<ref name="PM-pureblood" /> The other three founders of Hogwarts favoured admitting all witches and wizards as students and opposed Slytherin on this point.
   
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As a result of the disagreement, Slytherin left the school. Before leaving, he created the [[Chamber of Secrets]], hoping that his true heir would one day release the Basilisk out of the Chamber and kill wizards and witches he thought didn't deserve to have access to magic, namely Muggle-borns.
This led some Muggle-borns, such as [[Dirk Cresswell]], to forge their family trees. Those who refused to register, such as [[Ted Tonks]], were forced to go on the run and were pursued by [[Snatchers]], sometimes fatally. [[File:Trial1.jpg|right|250px]]
 
   
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===16th century===
This was ended with Voldemort's final defeat in [[1998]] and the reform of the Ministry under new [[Minister for Magic]] [[Kingsley Shacklebolt]]. [[Hermione Granger]] would be crucial in eliminating pro-pure-blood laws as a high-ranking member of the [[Department of Magical Law Enforcement]].<ref name="DH"/>
 
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{{Quote|Unstable and cruel, Gormlaith was a fanatical pure-blood who believed that her sister’s helpfulness to her Muggle neighbours, was setting Isolt upon a dangerous path to intermarriage with a non-magical man.|Gormlaith's prejudice and supremacist beliefs|Pottermore}}
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[[File:Gormlaith Gaunt burns down Ilvermorny Cottage.png|thumb|250px|Gormlaith Gaunt sets fire to the Sayre cottage]]
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[[Gormlaith Gaunt]] believed strongly in [[pure-blood supremacy]] and had an intense hatred for anyone that went against these extreme views. Her hatred went so deep that she murdered her own [[Rionach Sayre|sister]] and [[William Sayre|brother-in-law]] for showing sympathy towards her [[Non-magic people|Muggle]] neighbours. It can be assumed that Gormlaith's hatred also extended to Muggle-borns as well.<ref name="Pottermore">{{WW|ilvermorny}}</ref>
   
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It seemed that it was typical for decedents of Salazar Slytherin to have inherited his prejudice. In the 1700s, [[Corvinus Gaunt]] was instrumental in keeping the entrance to the Chamber of Secrets hidden for example.<ref name="PM-chamber">{{WW|chamber-of-secrets}}</ref>
===Subtler prejudice===
 
{{Dialogue a-b-a|Slughorn|Your mother was Muggle-born of course. Couldn't believe it when I found out. Thought she must have been pure-blood, she was so good... Funny how that sometimes happens, isn't it?|Harry|Not really.|You mustn't think I'm prejudiced! No, no, no! Haven't I just said your mother was one of my all-time favourite students?|[[Horace Slughorn]] and [[Harry Potter]] in [[1996]]|Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince}}
 
   
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===20th century===
[[File:Lily Potter.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Muggle-born witch [[Lily Evans|Lily Potter]].]]
 
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{{Quote|Slytherin, according to the legend, sealed the Chamber of Secrets so that none would be able to open it until his own true heir arrived at the school. The heir alone would be able to unseal the Chamber of Secrets, unleash the horror within, and use it to purge the school of all who were unworthy to study magic.|Tom Riddle Jnr opened the Chamber with the intention of killing Muggle-borns|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets}}
There are also indications that a subtler, less virulent form of prejudice against Muggle-borns is relatively common in the wizarding world. For example, [[Horace Slughorn]] discriminated more on the grounds of talent or fame, rather than [[blood purity|blood status]], and thus included particularly talented Muggle-borns such as [[Hermione Granger]], [[Lily Evans]], and [[Dirk Cresswell]] among his [[Slug Club|favourite students]]. However, he generally expected his more talented students to be [[pure-blood]]s and was surprised when Muggle-borns performed very well. When he remarked upon this to [[Harry Potter]] in [[1996]] and Harry responded coldly, Slughorn was genuinely surprised, and insisted that he was not prejudiced.<ref name="HBP">{{HBP}}</ref> This may indicate that even among those who do not believe Muggle-borns are inherently inferior or "dirty", there tends to be a false belief that most Muggle-borns are less [[magic]]ally talented than those with wizarding heritage. However, Slughorn could have also meant that since Muggle-borns are not raised around magic, it is all the more astonishing when they do very well in school.
 
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[[File:COS carrying Myrtle's body away.jpg|thumb|250px|Muggle-born [[Myrtle Warren]] was killed by the Serpent of Slytherin|left]]
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About one thousand years later, [[Tom Riddle|Tom Marvolo Riddle]], having discovered his ancestry, went on to set the basilisk on his fellow Hogwarts students. He was finally successful in killing one fourteen year old Muggle-born student, named Myrtle Warren, in 1943. She later became to be known as Moaning Myrtle and lived in the girls bathroom for years after her death.
   
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Minister [[Nobby Leach]] was the [[Great Britain|British]] [[Minister for Magic]] elected in [[1962]]. He was the first Muggle-born Minister for Magic to ever hold office. Several of the oldest members of the [[Wizengamot]] resigned government posts in protest of his appointment.<ref name="PM-Ministers">{{WW|ministers-for-magic}}</ref> Additionally, several old pure-blood families were outranged at his appointment as well. He left his post in [[1968]] due to a shady plot, of which [[Abraxas Malfoy]] was believed part,<ref name="pottermore2">{{WW|the-malfoy-family}}</ref> that resulted in his contracting a mysterious illness.<ref name="PM-Ministers"/> It would be decades before another Muggle-born Minister was elated.
The [[British Ministry of Magic|Ministry of Magic]] also seemed to have mildly favoured pure-bloods for many years before it was reformed after the [[Second Wizarding War]], as there were still "pro-pure-blood laws" in existence, which Hermione later eliminated. [[Albus Dumbledore]] also once accused [[Minister for Magic]] [[Cornelius Fudge]] himself of placing too much importance on blood purity, as Fudge was sided more with old, wealthy and influential pure-blood families such as the [[Malfoy family|Malfoys]], and looked down upon those who had less wealth and more affiliation with [[Muggle]]s, like the [[Weasley family|Weasleys]]<ref name="GOF">{{GOF}}</ref>.
 
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====First Wizarding War {{C|1970-1981}}====
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[[File:Death Eaters GOFF.jpg|thumb|250x250px|One of the [[Death Eaters]]' goals was the subjugation of Muggle-borns]]
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In [[1970]], Voldemort revealed himself openly, proclaiming himself the Dark Lord, and started to commit extreme acts of terrorism in Britain. With his army of dark wizards and dark creatures at his command, Voldemort launched an assault against the [[British Ministry of Magic]]. He had the intention of toppling it and creating a new world order run by pure-bloods. Voldemort's ideals included either killing Muggle-borns en masse or keeping them in utter bondage.
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As the Death Eaters' confidence grew, their ideals were put into motion. They began targeting Muggle-born and blood traitor witches and wizards. They tortured and sometimes murdered their victims, which shocked wizarding society.
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====Between the wars====
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{{Quote|No one asked your opinion, you filthy little Mudblood.|[[Draco Malfoy]] throwing the slur at [[Hermione Granger]]|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets}}
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[[File:Petrified.jpg|250px|thumb|left|[[Petrified]] Muggle-borns in the Hogwarts Hospital Wing]]
 
Fifty years later in 1992, by means of his diary Horcrux, he possessed [[Ginevra Weasley|Ginny Weasley]] and reopened the Chamber of Secrets. The monster petrified several people, including [[Colin Creevey]], [[Penelope Clearwater]], [[Hermione Granger]], [[Justin Finch-Fletchley]], and even the [[Gryffindor]] [[ghost]], [[Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington]], as well as Filch's cat, Mrs Norris.<ref name="CS" />
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Tom Riddle, later known as Lord Voldemort, took this prejudice to an even greater extreme with his followers, the Death Eaters, despite the fact that he himself was a [[half-blood]].<ref name="CS" />
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====Second Wizarding War====
 
{{Quote|Muggle-borns are being rounded up as we speak... unless you can prove that you have at least one close wizarding relative, you are now deemed to have obtained your magical power illegally and must suffer the punishment.|The Ministry of Magic's new regime|Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows}}
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[[File:Mudbloods Pamplet Pottermore.png|320x320px|thumb|''[[Mudbloods and the Dangers They Pose to a Peaceful Pure-Blood Society]]'']]
 
When Voldemort seized control of the [[British Ministry of Magic]] in 1997, Muggle-borns were required to register with the [[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]]. Political propaganda claimed that Muggle-borns were really Muggles who had stolen magic from "real" witches and wizards, supported by research supposedly carried out by the [[Department of Mysteries]]. The Ministry continued to promote the belief with the distribution of agitprop such as the pamphlet ''Mudbloods and the Dangers They Pose to a Peaceful Pure-Blood Society''.<ref name="DH13">{{DH|B|13}}</ref>
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The Commission punished anyone who could not prove to have wizarding heritage for this alleged action, sentencing them to [[Azkaban]]. Anyone who resisted was threatened with, and perhaps given, the [[Dementor's Kiss]]. They also issued two [[Ministerial Decree]]s stating that it was any wizards' duty to report suspected "Mudbloods" to them and that failure to do so would result in imprisonment.<ref name="DH" />
  +
 
This led some Muggle-borns, such as [[Dirk Cresswell]], to forge their family trees. Those who refused to register, such as [[Edward Tonks|Ted Tonks]], were forced to go on the run and were pursued by [[Snatchers]], sometimes fatally.
  +
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====After the war====
 
This was ended with Voldemort's final defeat in 1998 and the reform of the Ministry under new [[Minister for Magic]] [[Kingsley Shacklebolt]]. It can be assumed that imprisoned Muggle-borns were released, children were able to resume their education, and Muggle-born witches and wizards were allowed wands once more. Several Ministry employees were also arrested and sentenced to Azkaban for crimes against Muggle-borns, Dolores Umbridge for example. Hermione Granger would also be crucial in eliminating pro-pure-blood laws as a high-ranking member of the [[Department of Magical Law Enforcement]].<ref name="DH" />
   
 
==Known Muggle-borns==
 
==Known Muggle-borns==
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<gallery widths="105" orientation="portrait" spacing="small" position="center">
[[File:Myrtle1.PNG|thumb|130px|Moaning Myrtle Muggle-born witch]]
 
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Tertius.png|[[Tertius]]<ref name="WBP">{{WBP}}</ref>
*[[Alderton]]<ref>When he was interrogated by the [[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]] in [[1997]], Alderton claimed to be a [[half-blood]]. He may have been lying in an attempt to save himself, or he may genuinely have been related to [[Arkie Alderton]].</ref>
 
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Simon Talmadge MA.jpg|[[Simon Talmadge]]<ref name="MA Simon">{{MA}} - Simon's story {{See image|File:Simon Talmadge's story MA.jpg}}</ref>
*[[Mary Cattermole]]<ref name="DH"/>
 
*[[Colin Creevey]]<ref name="CS"/>
+
Kendra Dumbledore.png|[[Kendra Dumbledore]]<ref name="DH" />
  +
Mirabel Garlick.png|[[Mirabel Garlick]]
*[[Dennis Creevey]]
 
*[[Dirk Cresswell]]<ref name="HBP"/>
+
Mahendra Pehlwaan HL.png|[[Mahendra Pehlwaan]]<ref name="HL">{{HL}}</ref>
*[[Kendra Dumbledore]]<ref name="DH"/>
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Myrtle Warren as human.png|[[Myrtle Warren]]<ref name="CS" />
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Ted Tonks.jpg|[[Edward Tonks]]<ref name="OTP">{{OOTP}}</ref>
*[[Lily Evans]]
 
  +
Lily Potter1.jpg|[[Lily J. Potter]]
*[[Justin Finch-Fletchley]]<ref name="CS"/>
 
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Harry-potter-deathly-hallows dirk.jpg|[[Dirk Cresswell]]<ref name="DH" />
*[[Hermione Granger]]
 
*[[Nobby Leach]]<ref name="pottermore">''[[Pottermore]]''</ref>
+
Mary Cattermole 2.jpg|[[Mary Cattermole]]<ref name="DH" />
 
Donaghan Tremlett.jpg|[[Donaghan Tremlett]]
*[[Myrtle]]<ref name="CS"/>
 
*[[Garrick Ollivander's mother|Mrs. Ollivander]]<ref name="pottermore" />
+
HM friendships Ben Copper.png|[[Ben Copper]]<ref name="HM13">{{HM|1|3}}</ref>
*[[Ted Tonks]]<ref name="OTP">{{OOTP}}</ref>
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Hermione Granger.jpg|[[Hermione Granger]]<ref name="CS" />
 
Justin Finch-Fletchley (McGonagall's Class) (1).png|[[Justin Finch-Fletchley]]<ref name="CS" />
*[[Donaghan Tremlett]]
 
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Colin Creevey.jpg|[[Colin Creevey]]<ref name="CS" />
 
DennisCreeveyPM.png|[[Dennis Creevey]]
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Hrithvi.jpeg|[[Hrithvi]]<ref name="WW">{{MA|WW|2}}</ref>
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</gallery>
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*[[Johannes Jonker]]<ref name="pottermore-1920s">{{WW|1920s-wizarding-america-en}}</ref>
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*[[Garrick Ollivander's mother|Mrs Ollivander]]<ref name="PM-Ollivander">{{PM}} - Mr Ollivander background information<!---Please provide web archive link!---></ref>
 
*[[Nobby Leach]]<ref name="PM-Ministers"/>
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*[[Haywood sisters' mother]]<ref name="HMY5DADA">{{HM|5}}, Defence Against the Dark Arts Lessons</ref>
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*[[Kevin Entwhistle]]<ref name="HPM">{{HPM}}</ref>
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*[[Unidentified Muggle-born Hogwarts student]]<ref name="MA">{{MA}}</ref>
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*[[Janice Pepper]]<ref name="FBC11">{{FBC|11}}</ref>
   
 
==Behind the scenes==
 
==Behind the scenes==
*[[Hannah Abbott]] was originally listed as a Muggle-born on [[J. K. Rowling]]'s draft list of students in [[Harry Potter]]'s class.<ref name="HPM">''[[Harry Potter and Me]]''</ref> However, Rowling stated in an [[J.K. Rowling PotterCast Interview|interview]] that she always considered Hannah to be a [[pure-blood]]. To compromise, she was officially made a [[half-blood]].<ref name="pottercast">[http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2007/12/23/transcript-of-part-1-of-pottercast-s-jk-rowling-interview PotterCast 130 transcript]</ref>
+
*[[Hannah Abbott]] was originally listed as a Muggle-born on [[J. K. Rowling]]'s draft list of students in [[Harry Potter]]'s class.<ref name="HPM">{{HPM}}</ref> However, Rowling stated in an [[J.K. Rowling PotterCast Interview|interview]] that she always considered Hannah to be a [[pure-blood]]. To compromise, she was officially made a [[half-blood]].<ref name="pottercast">[http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2007/12/23/transcript-of-part-1-of-pottercast-s-jk-rowling-interview PotterCast 130 transcript]</ref>
  +
**It is also noteworthy that the [[Abbott family]] is one of the [[Sacred Twenty-Eight]] families, which would go in line with Rowling's statement of her being pure-blood. A possibile explanation is that the afforementioned list of 28 is from the 1930s, and that Hannah's family might have only lost their status as pure-blood a generation or two prior.
*Another student mentioned as being Muggle-born on Rowling's draft class list, which is not considered [[canon]] due to several contradictions with the novels, is [[Kevin Entwhistle]].<ref name="HPM"/>
+
*Another student mentioned as being Muggle-born on Rowling's draft class list, which is not considered [[canon]] due to several contradictions with the novels, is [[Kevin Entwhistle]].<ref name="HPM" />
*[[Terry Boot]] was listed as a Muggle-born on Rowling's draft class list<ref name="HPM"/>, but in ''[[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows]]'', he was shown to be attending his seventh year at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry|Hogwarts]] despite Muggle-borns being banned from the school while [[Tom Riddle|Lord Voldemort]] was in power. This suggests that he is either a [[pure-blood]] or a [[half-blood]], though it is possible that he is a Muggle-born who faked his family tree.
+
*[[Terry Boot]] was listed as a Muggle-born on Rowling's draft class list,<ref name="HPM" /> but in {{DH}}, he was shown to be attending his seventh year at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry|Hogwarts]] despite Muggle-borns being banned from the school while [[Tom Riddle|Lord Voldemort]] was in power. This suggests that he is either a [[pure-blood]] or a [[half-blood]], though it is possible that he is a Muggle-born who faked his family tree.
*[[Dean Thomas]] was never certain whether he was Muggle-born or not, since his [[Dean Thomas's father|father]] left his [[Dean Thomas's mother|mother]] when he was very young. His father was in fact a [[Wizards|wizard]], thus Dean is a [[half-blood]], but Dean was not able to prove it, which made him a target of the [[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]] and [[Snatchers]] during the height of the [[Second Wizarding War]].<ref name="DH"/>
+
*[[Dean Thomas]] was never certain whether he was Muggle-born or not, since his [[Dean Thomas's father|wizard father]] left his [[Dean Thomas's mother|Muggle mother]] when he was very young. He is nevertheless a [[half-blood]], but was unable to prove it, which made him a target of the [[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]] and [[Snatchers]] during the height of the [[Second Wizarding War]]. His father was also killed for refusing to join the Death Eaters which would not have made him safe with the Death Eaters even if he could prove his heritage.<ref name="DH" />
 
*A rumour on the [[Wizards' Ordinary Magic and Basic Aptitude Test|W.O.M.B.A.T.]] was that Muggle-borns have a natural sense of rhythm.
 
*A rumour on the [[Wizards' Ordinary Magic and Basic Aptitude Test|W.O.M.B.A.T.]] was that Muggle-borns have a natural sense of rhythm.
  +
*According to J. K. Rowling, a Muggle-born can become a [[Death Eaters|Death Eater]] in the rarest of rare circumstances.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111222074210/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80</ref>
  +
*Although Muggle-borns are descended from [[Squib]]s, there is not a single known case of a Squib having children.
  +
*[[Salazar Slytherin]] was known to have a strong hatred of Muggle-borns. Ironically it is possible that he has descendants with such a [[blood status]], via [[Martha Steward II|Martha Steward]].
  +
*[[Durmstrang Institute|Durmstrang]] does not admit Muggle-born students, so Muggle-borns born in the far north of [[Europe]] are possibly educated in [[Koldovstoretz]] instead if they want not home-schooling, but school education.
  +
  +
==Appearances==
  +
*{{PS}} {{1st}}
  +
*{{PS|F}}
  +
*{{PS|G}}
  +
*{{COS}}
  +
*{{COS|F}}
  +
*{{COS|G}}
  +
*{{POA}}
  +
*{{POA|F}}
  +
*{{POA|G}}
  +
*{{GOF}}
  +
*{{GOF|F}}
  +
*{{GOF|G}}
  +
*{{OOTP}}
  +
*{{OOTP|F}}
  +
*{{OOTP|G}}
  +
*{{HBP}}
  +
*{{HBP|F}}
  +
*{{HBP|G}}
  +
*{{DH}}
  +
*{{DH|F1}}
  +
*{{DH|G1}}
  +
*{{DH|F2}}
  +
*{{DH|G2}}
  +
*{{CC}}
  +
*{{CC|P}}
  +
*{{FB|S}} {{Possible}}
  +
*{{FB|F}} {{Possible}}
  +
*{{COG|S}} {{Photograph}}
  +
*{{COG}} {{Photograph}}
  +
*{{SOD|S}} {{Possible}}
  +
*{{SOD}} {{Possible}}
  +
*''[[Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore: Movie Magic]]'' {{Possible}}
  +
*{{FB|R}} {{Mention}}
  +
*{{QTA|R}} {{Mention}}
  +
*{{TBB|R}} {{Mention}}
  +
*{{JKRS}} {{Possible}}
  +
*{{PM}}
  +
*{{WW}}
  +
*{{HPM}} {{Mention}}
  +
*{{QH}}
  +
*{{LEGO|B}}
  +
*{{LEGO|C}}
  +
*{{LEGO|D}}
  +
*{{LEGO|C1}}
  +
*{{LEGO|C2}}
  +
*{{LEGO|Y1}}
  +
*{{LEGO|Y2}}
  +
*{{LEGO}}
  +
*{{WBP}}
  +
*{{HPV|CH}}
  +
*{{HPV|CR}}
  +
*{{TWC}}
  +
*''[[The Art of Harry Potter Mini Book of Graphic Design]]''
  +
*''[[J. K. Rowling: A Year in the Life]]'' {{Mention}}
  +
*''[[LEGO Brickheadz: Harry Potter]]''
  +
*{{HPPU}}
  +
*{{HPFJ}}
  +
*{{TCG}}
  +
*{{QWC}}
  +
*{{HPK}}
  +
*{{FBC}}
  +
*{{HM}}
  +
*{{WU}}
  +
*{{PAS}}
  +
*{{MA}}
  +
*{{HL}}
  +
*{{AMHL}}
  +
*{{HPMCW}}
  +
*{{HPWA}}
  +
 
==Notes and references==
 
{{Reflist}}
   
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
*[[Blood purity]]
+
*[[Blood status]]
 
*[[Half-blood]]
 
*[[Half-blood]]
 
*[[Mudblood]]
 
*[[Mudblood]]
 
*[[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]]
 
*[[Muggle-Born Registration Commission]]
 
*[[Pure-blood]]
 
*[[Pure-blood]]
  +
*[[Squib]]s
 
==Notes and references==
 
{{Reflist}}
 
   
 
[[es:Nacido de muggle]]
 
[[es:Nacido de muggle]]
Line 83: Line 206:
 
[[fi:Jästisyntyinen]]
 
[[fi:Jästisyntyinen]]
 
[[it:Nati Babbani]]
 
[[it:Nati Babbani]]
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[[ru:Маглорождённые]]
[[Category:Muggle-borns| ]]
 
  +
[[pl:Mugolak]]
[[Category:Death Eaters enemies]]
 
[[Category:Genetics]]
+
[[no:Gompefødt]]
  +
[[pt-br:Nascido-trouxa]]
 
[[Category:Death Eater enemies]]
 
[[Category:Muggle-borns]]

Latest revision as of 09:52, 7 January 2024

Granger family DH

Muggle-born Hermione Granger was the daughter of two Muggle dentists

Lily Evans: "Does it make a difference, being Muggle-born?"
Severus Snape: "No. It doesn’t make any difference."
— The true importance of blood status[src]

A Muggle-born (No-Maj-born in the United States),[1] once known as a Magbob and also known by the pejorative Mudblood,[2] was a witch or wizard who was born to two non-magical parents. Their magical abilities did not seem to be at all affected by their Muggle parentage. On the contrary, many Muggle-borns were among the most talented witches and wizards of their age, such as Lily Evans and Hermione Granger.

The proportion of the wizarding population that was Muggle-born was on the rise throughout the Harry Potter series, and as a result of their growing population pure-blood families shrank in size and number.[3]

Magical origins

Muggle-borns inherited magic from a distant ancestor; they were descended from Squibs who had married Muggles and whose families had lost the knowledge of their wizarding legacy. The magic resurfaced unexpectedly many generations later.[4]

Because of the heritable traits of magic, Muggle-born siblings were possible, as in the case of Colin and Dennis Creevey. However, this was not always the case, as Lily Evans' sister Petunia was a Muggle.

When Muggle-born witches and wizards reached the age of eleven in the British wizarding community, their Hogwarts acceptance letters were delivered in person by a member of the staff, instead of by owl post (the usual postal system for wizards and witches). The purpose was to reassure the parents or guardians about the sudden news, and explain to them about the concealed magical society. They would also assist the family with the preparation for going to their desired wizarding school and for the buying of school supplies.[5]

Treatment

"No one asked your opinion, you filthy little Mudblood."
— An example of wizarding prejudice[src]
Mudblood sliced into Hermione's arm by Bellatrix Lestrange.

Bellatrix Lestrange carves the derogatory term "Mudblood" into Hermione Granger's arm

Muggle-born witches and wizards were often subjects of deeply prejudicial and discriminatory beliefs akin to racism. They were often derided by pure-bloods and called disparaging names such as "Mudblood", a term implying that they were somehow dirty and impure, or at the very least, common. These prejudiced pure-bloods believed that Muggle-borns were unworthy of magic and should not be allowed into the wizarding world. During the period of time where Muggle-borns were being persecuted, a news article from the Daily Prophet stated that Muggle-borns could have only obtained magic by force or theft.

The pure-bloods who did not share these beliefs, such as the Weasley family, were often labelled as "blood traitors".[6] Harry Potter, who was half-blood, was marked as "Undesirable No.1" during the height of the Second Wizarding War for his pro-Muggle views and his stance against Lord Voldemort and his new regime.

Ron Weasley described the entire prejudice as being ridiculous: not only were most modern wizards half-blood, if Muggle-borns had not been accepted into the wizard community, wizardkind would have inevitably died out altogether.[6]

Subtler prejudice

Horace Slughorn: "Your mother was Muggle-born of course. Couldn't believe it when I found out. Thought she must have been pure-blood, she was so good... Funny how that sometimes happens, isn't it?"
Harry Potter: "Not really."
— Slughorn's subtle form of prejudice[src]
Slug Club 6

The Slug Club, Slughorn's hand-picked students, some of which are Muggle-born

There are also indications that a subtler, less virulent form of prejudice against Muggle-borns was relatively common in the wizarding world. For example, Horace Slughorn discriminated more on the grounds of talent or fame, rather than blood status. Thus he included talented Muggle-borns such as Hermione Granger, Lily Evans, and Dirk Cresswell among his favourite students.

However, Slughorn generally expected his more talented students to be pure-bloods, and was surprised when Muggle-borns performed very well. When he remarked upon this to Harry Potter in 1996 and Harry responded coldly, Slughorn was genuinely surprised, and insisted that he was not prejudiced.[7] This may indicate that even among those who did not believe Muggle-borns were inherently inferior or "dirty", there tended to be a false belief that most Muggle-borns were less magically talented than those with a full or much recent wizarding heritage. However, Slughorn could have also meant that since Muggle-borns were not raised around magic it was all the more astonishing when they did very well in school.

The British Ministry of Magic also seemed to have mildly favoured pure-bloods for many years before it was reformed after the Second Wizarding War, as there were still "pro-pure-blood laws" in existence, which Hermione later eliminated. Albus Dumbledore also once accused Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge himself of placing too much importance on blood purity, as Fudge was sided more with old, wealthy and influential pure-blood families such as the Malfoys, and looked down upon those who had less wealth and more affiliation with Muggles, like the Weasleys.[8]

It was a widely held belief in the wizarding world that Muggle-borns were more likely to produce Squib children and slower to show signs of magic in childhood than pure or half-blood wizards. These stereotypes were disproven by the Institute of Muggle Studies, though they also disproved the positive beliefs that Muggle-borns have greater immunity to wizarding illnesses and a natural sense of rhythm.[9]

History of persecution

10th century

"We'll teach just those whose ancestry's purest."
— Slytherin's opinion regarding the running of Hogwarts[src]
Writing on the wall COS

Slytherin descendants were notorious for their persecution of Muggle-borns "The chamber of secrets has been opened, enemies of the heir... beware"

Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, argued that the school should only admit pure-bloods and half-bloods as students, exactly as the Durmstrang Institute did. Slytherin's views were considered unusual at the time. Most wizards of his era not only accepted Muggle-borns but actually considered them especially gifted, and referred to them by the affectionate term "Magbobs".[2] The other three founders of Hogwarts favoured admitting all witches and wizards as students and opposed Slytherin on this point.

As a result of the disagreement, Slytherin left the school. Before leaving, he created the Chamber of Secrets, hoping that his true heir would one day release the Basilisk out of the Chamber and kill wizards and witches he thought didn't deserve to have access to magic, namely Muggle-borns.

16th century

"Unstable and cruel, Gormlaith was a fanatical pure-blood who believed that her sister’s helpfulness to her Muggle neighbours, was setting Isolt upon a dangerous path to intermarriage with a non-magical man."
— Gormlaith's prejudice and supremacist beliefs[src]
Gormlaith Gaunt burns down Ilvermorny Cottage

Gormlaith Gaunt sets fire to the Sayre cottage

Gormlaith Gaunt believed strongly in pure-blood supremacy and had an intense hatred for anyone that went against these extreme views. Her hatred went so deep that she murdered her own sister and brother-in-law for showing sympathy towards her Muggle neighbours. It can be assumed that Gormlaith's hatred also extended to Muggle-borns as well.[10]

It seemed that it was typical for decedents of Salazar Slytherin to have inherited his prejudice. In the 1700s, Corvinus Gaunt was instrumental in keeping the entrance to the Chamber of Secrets hidden for example.[11]

20th century

"Slytherin, according to the legend, sealed the Chamber of Secrets so that none would be able to open it until his own true heir arrived at the school. The heir alone would be able to unseal the Chamber of Secrets, unleash the horror within, and use it to purge the school of all who were unworthy to study magic."
— Tom Riddle Jnr opened the Chamber with the intention of killing Muggle-borns[src]
COS carrying Myrtle's body away

Muggle-born Myrtle Warren was killed by the Serpent of Slytherin

About one thousand years later, Tom Marvolo Riddle, having discovered his ancestry, went on to set the basilisk on his fellow Hogwarts students. He was finally successful in killing one fourteen year old Muggle-born student, named Myrtle Warren, in 1943. She later became to be known as Moaning Myrtle and lived in the girls bathroom for years after her death.

Minister Nobby Leach was the British Minister for Magic elected in 1962. He was the first Muggle-born Minister for Magic to ever hold office. Several of the oldest members of the Wizengamot resigned government posts in protest of his appointment.[12] Additionally, several old pure-blood families were outranged at his appointment as well. He left his post in 1968 due to a shady plot, of which Abraxas Malfoy was believed part,[13] that resulted in his contracting a mysterious illness.[12] It would be decades before another Muggle-born Minister was elated.

First Wizarding War (1970-1981)

Death Eaters GOFF

One of the Death Eaters' goals was the subjugation of Muggle-borns

In 1970, Voldemort revealed himself openly, proclaiming himself the Dark Lord, and started to commit extreme acts of terrorism in Britain. With his army of dark wizards and dark creatures at his command, Voldemort launched an assault against the British Ministry of Magic. He had the intention of toppling it and creating a new world order run by pure-bloods. Voldemort's ideals included either killing Muggle-borns en masse or keeping them in utter bondage.

As the Death Eaters' confidence grew, their ideals were put into motion. They began targeting Muggle-born and blood traitor witches and wizards. They tortured and sometimes murdered their victims, which shocked wizarding society.

Between the wars

"No one asked your opinion, you filthy little Mudblood."
Draco Malfoy throwing the slur at Hermione Granger[src]
Petrified

Petrified Muggle-borns in the Hogwarts Hospital Wing

Fifty years later in 1992, by means of his diary Horcrux, he possessed Ginny Weasley and reopened the Chamber of Secrets. The monster petrified several people, including Colin Creevey, Penelope Clearwater, Hermione Granger, Justin Finch-Fletchley, and even the Gryffindor ghost, Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, as well as Filch's cat, Mrs Norris.[6]

Tom Riddle, later known as Lord Voldemort, took this prejudice to an even greater extreme with his followers, the Death Eaters, despite the fact that he himself was a half-blood.[6]

Second Wizarding War

"Muggle-borns are being rounded up as we speak... unless you can prove that you have at least one close wizarding relative, you are now deemed to have obtained your magical power illegally and must suffer the punishment."
— The Ministry of Magic's new regime[src]
Mudbloods Pamplet Pottermore

Mudbloods and the Dangers They Pose to a Peaceful Pure-Blood Society

When Voldemort seized control of the British Ministry of Magic in 1997, Muggle-borns were required to register with the Muggle-Born Registration Commission. Political propaganda claimed that Muggle-borns were really Muggles who had stolen magic from "real" witches and wizards, supported by research supposedly carried out by the Department of Mysteries. The Ministry continued to promote the belief with the distribution of agitprop such as the pamphlet Mudbloods and the Dangers They Pose to a Peaceful Pure-Blood Society.[14]

The Commission punished anyone who could not prove to have wizarding heritage for this alleged action, sentencing them to Azkaban. Anyone who resisted was threatened with, and perhaps given, the Dementor's Kiss. They also issued two Ministerial Decrees stating that it was any wizards' duty to report suspected "Mudbloods" to them and that failure to do so would result in imprisonment.[5]

This led some Muggle-borns, such as Dirk Cresswell, to forge their family trees. Those who refused to register, such as Ted Tonks, were forced to go on the run and were pursued by Snatchers, sometimes fatally.

After the war

This was ended with Voldemort's final defeat in 1998 and the reform of the Ministry under new Minister for Magic Kingsley Shacklebolt. It can be assumed that imprisoned Muggle-borns were released, children were able to resume their education, and Muggle-born witches and wizards were allowed wands once more. Several Ministry employees were also arrested and sentenced to Azkaban for crimes against Muggle-borns, Dolores Umbridge for example. Hermione Granger would also be crucial in eliminating pro-pure-blood laws as a high-ranking member of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.[5]

Known Muggle-borns

Behind the scenes

  • Hannah Abbott was originally listed as a Muggle-born on J. K. Rowling's draft list of students in Harry Potter's class.[24] However, Rowling stated in an interview that she always considered Hannah to be a pure-blood. To compromise, she was officially made a half-blood.[27]
    • It is also noteworthy that the Abbott family is one of the Sacred Twenty-Eight families, which would go in line with Rowling's statement of her being pure-blood. A possibile explanation is that the afforementioned list of 28 is from the 1930s, and that Hannah's family might have only lost their status as pure-blood a generation or two prior.
  • Another student mentioned as being Muggle-born on Rowling's draft class list, which is not considered canon due to several contradictions with the novels, is Kevin Entwhistle.[24]
  • Terry Boot was listed as a Muggle-born on Rowling's draft class list,[24] but in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, he was shown to be attending his seventh year at Hogwarts despite Muggle-borns being banned from the school while Lord Voldemort was in power. This suggests that he is either a pure-blood or a half-blood, though it is possible that he is a Muggle-born who faked his family tree.
  • Dean Thomas was never certain whether he was Muggle-born or not, since his wizard father left his Muggle mother when he was very young. He is nevertheless a half-blood, but was unable to prove it, which made him a target of the Muggle-Born Registration Commission and Snatchers during the height of the Second Wizarding War. His father was also killed for refusing to join the Death Eaters which would not have made him safe with the Death Eaters even if he could prove his heritage.[5]
  • A rumour on the W.O.M.B.A.T. was that Muggle-borns have a natural sense of rhythm.
  • According to J. K. Rowling, a Muggle-born can become a Death Eater in the rarest of rare circumstances.[28]
  • Although Muggle-borns are descended from Squibs, there is not a single known case of a Squib having children.
  • Salazar Slytherin was known to have a strong hatred of Muggle-borns. Ironically it is possible that he has descendants with such a blood status, via Martha Steward.
  • Durmstrang does not admit Muggle-born students, so Muggle-borns born in the far north of Europe are possibly educated in Koldovstoretz instead if they want not home-schooling, but school education.

Appearances

Notes and references

  1. "Pottermore - History of Magic in North America: Seventeenth Century and Beyond"
  2. 2.0 2.1 Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Pure-Blood" at Wizarding World
  3. F.A.Q. from J. K. Rowling's official site via Internet Archive
  4. 30 July 2007 Bloomsbury Webchat with J.K. Rowling
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
  7. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
  8. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
  9. Wizards' Ordinary Magic and Basic Aptitude Test - Grade 1, Question 16
  10. Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry" at Wizarding World
  11. Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Chamber of Secrets" at Wizarding World
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 Writing by J. K. Rowling: "Ministers for Magic" at Wizarding World
  13. Writing by J. K. Rowling: "The Malfoy Family" at Wizarding World
  14. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Chapter 13 (The Muggle-Born Registration Commission)
  15. Wonderbook: Book of Potions
  16. Harry Potter: Magic Awakened - Simon's story (see this image)
  17. Hogwarts Legacy
  18. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
  19. Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery, Year 1, Chapter 3 (Dealing With Trouble)
  20. Harry Potter: Magic Awakened, Where's Wolf, Chapter II: A Wolf in Witch's Robes
  21. Writing by J. K. Rowling: "1920s Wizarding America" at Wizarding World
  22. Pottermore - Mr Ollivander background information
  23. Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery, Year 5, Defence Against the Dark Arts Lessons
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Harry Potter and Me
  25. Harry Potter: Magic Awakened
  26. Fantastic Beasts: Cases from the Wizarding World - Case 11: I'll Fly if I Want to
  27. PotterCast 130 transcript
  28. https://web.archive.org/web/20111222074210/http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/news_view.cfm?id=80

See also