Wikia

Broom Jinx
Incantation	Unknown
Type	Jinx
Light	None
Effect	Causes the targeted broom to malfunction

This jinx was used to cause Harry Potter's Nimbus 2000 to attempt to buck him off.

Usage

In 1991, Professor Quirrell used this jinx not only to prevent Harry from winning the Quidditch match between Gryffindor and Slytherin, but also to try to kill him. However it was opposed by Professor Snape's counter-jinx, and when Hermione Granger, who believed that Snape was the perpetrator, set Snape's robes on fire and incidentally broke Quirrell's eye contact required to keep the broom jinxed.

Despite being referred to as a jinx, it is possible this spell is the Hurling Hex mentioned in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Both spells can be used on broomsticks, and they both make them attempt to "hurl" off the rider.